The historical development of management concepts and practices and the historical roles of the individual managers. Major topics include: historical assessments of the social consequences of management; reexaminations of established historical concepts; the historic role of the behavioral sciences in the emergence of management practices; historical development of management of present-day companies; historical analysis of management philosophy; ways of using historical materials, new directions in historical research and oral history; the importance of a historical perspective in international management; historical aspects of quality control, cultures, and health and safety in the workplace; and topics that, although they may fall within some other division’s domain, draw on historical data that are firmly rooted in a historical perspective.